C1.1 · 28 of 34
Schreiben: Zusammenfassung
Lesson · 3 rules · about 5 min
Compress a whole report into one paragraph, and keep yourself out of it.
- 1Attribute everything, claim nothing
- 2Nominalise to tighten, not to impress
- 3Four moves and nothing else
Why this matters
Summarising is among the most useful things you can do in writing, and among the easiest to do badly. Two failures are common: smuggling your own view in, and nominalising so hard the paragraph stops breathing. Write 900 to 1800 characters. Keep every claim attributed, keep yourself invisible, and nominalise only where it genuinely tightens the sentence. The correction will check both: whether anything in your summary was not in the source, and whether the nominal style has made a sentence that no one could read aloud.
Rule · 1 of 3
Attribute everything, claim nothing
A summary reports what someone else said. Keep the source in the sentence, with a verb of saying or a source phrase, and the reader can never mistake the claim for yours. Where the writing gets dense, the Konjunktiv I carries the attribution on its own.
- Die Verfasserin vertritt die Auffassung, der Effekt sei überschätzt worden. The author takes the view that the effect has been overestimated.
- Der Studie zufolge ist der Verbrauch um zwölf Prozent gesunken. According to the study consumption fell by twelve per cent.
One indicative sentence in the middle hands the author’s claim to you.
Quick check
Der Autor behauptet, die Maßnahme wirkungslos.
Rule · 2 of 3
Nominalise to tighten, not to impress
Turning a verb into a noun lets one sentence hold what took two: die Senkung der Kosten, der Rückgang der Nachfrage, nach Einführung der Regel. It earns its place when it shortens. When three genitives chain together, turn one back into a verb.
- Nach Einführung der Regelung ging die Zahl der Unfälle deutlich zurück. After the rule was introduced the number of accidents fell markedly.
- Die Senkung der Kosten führte zu einer Zunahme der Nachfrage. The reduction in costs led to an increase in demand.
Quick check
Which is the better summary sentence?
Memory trick · 3 of 3
Four moves and nothing else
Subject, central claim, evidence, conclusion. A summary that adds a fifth move is reviewing, and a summary that drops the evidence is a headline. Your own judgement belongs to a different text.
- Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Folgen des Fachkräftemangels im Handwerk. The piece deals with the consequences of the skills shortage in the trades.
- Abschließend empfiehlt die Autorin eine Reform der Ausbildungsförderung. Finally the author recommends a reform of training support.
Quick check
What does not belong in a summary?
Listen
Play it, then pick what you heard.
Spot the mistake
Which one is right?
Spot the mistake
Which one is right?
Spot the mistake
Which one is right?
Spot the mistake
Which one is right?
Cheat sheet
What to take with you
- Attribute everything, claim nothing
- Nominalise to tighten, not to impress
- Four moves and nothing else
How to remember it
- Name the text, the subject and the central claim in sentence one.
- Attribute every claim; Konjunktiv I carries it where the writing is dense.
- Nominalise where it shortens; unpick the third genitive in a chain.
- Subject, claim, evidence, conclusion, and nothing of your own.
Summarising a written source is the task C1 writing is built on, and the one skill every German office job quietly assumes.
Summarise the report in MATERIAL in one or two tight paragraphs. Give its subject, its main finding, the evidence it rests on and what it recommends. Write it as a summary, not as a review.
- open with one sentence naming the text, its subject and its central claim
- compress the verbs into nouns where it tightens the sentence (die Senkung, der Rückgang, die Einführung)
- attribute throughout, so the reader always knows whose claim it is
- keep your own opinion out of it entirely
- close with what the text recommends or concludes
- carry at least part of the attribution with the Konjunktiv I (die Studie zeige, die Zahl sei gestiegen)
Bericht: Vier-Tage-Woche im Mittelstand (Institut für Arbeitsforschung, Pilotstudie, 2026) Die Pilotstudie begleitete zwölf Monate lang 41 mittelständische Unternehmen mit insgesamt 3.200 Beschäftigten, die bei gleichem Gehalt von fünf auf vier Arbeitstage umstellten. Die Verfasserinnen stellen fest, dass die Produktivität je Arbeitsstunde im Durchschnitt um 11 Prozent stieg, während der Gesamtausstoß der Betriebe nahezu unverändert blieb (minus 1,5 Prozent). Die Zahl der Krankheitstage ging um ein Fünftel zurück; die Fluktuation sank von 14 auf 8 Prozent. In sechs Betrieben, vor allem in der Produktion mit Schichtbetrieb, ließ sich das Modell nur mit zusätzlichen Einstellungen halten, was die Lohnkosten dort um 9 Prozent erhöhte. Befragte Führungskräfte nannten als größte Hürde die Terminabstimmung mit Kunden. Der Bericht empfiehlt, das Modell branchenweise und nicht pauschal einzuführen, Pilotphasen von mindestens sechs Monaten vorzusehen und die Produktivität je Stunde, nicht je Kopf, als Maßstab zu nehmen.
0 of 900 characters — keep going 0 words
2 Copy the correction request
This carries your own text. Paste it into your AI assistant and it will correct what you wrote, then give you a score and a short list of fixes.
3 Open your assistant
Copy the request first (one step back), then paste it into your assistant.
4 Bring the correction back
Paste the whole report. The SCORE= line is read
automatically, and the fixes are saved as your next things to work on.
Report a problem
Exercise
Schreiben: Zusammenfassung · C1.1
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