A1.1 · 23 of 30

Wortbildung: -in & Komposita

Lesson · 4 rules · about 5 min

German glues words together like building blocks — learn the pieces and Apfelkuchen, Haustür and Lehrerin explain themselves.

  1. 1-in makes it female, -innen makes them plural
  2. 2Compounds: the last word rules
  3. 3The little joint: -s-, -n-, -e-
  4. 4Read compounds from the back
Why this matters

German builds words the way it builds numbers: by gluing pieces together. The two pieces to start with are the ending -in, which turns a male person-word into the female one (der Lehrer → die Lehrerin, der Student → die Studentin), and the compound noun, which fuses two nouns into one — die Schokolade + der Kuchen = der Schokoladenkuchen, das Haus + die Tür = die Haustür. Both let you understand far more than you have learnt: once you know Kuchen, you know Apfelkuchen, Käsekuchen and Geburtstagskuchen. Two rules cover nearly everything: -in is always die, with plural -innen and sometimes an umlaut (Arzt → Ärztin, Koch → Köchin); and a compound takes the gender of its last part. The umlaut in Ärztin and Köchin is checked strictly (type ae/oe if you have no umlaut keys).

Question 1 of 10 · eins
eins1zwei2drei3vier4fünf5sechs6sieben7acht8neun9zehn10

… die Frau (-in)

Herr Kern ist Lehrer. Frau Kern ist auch . (der Lehrer)

Mr Kern is a teacher. Mrs Kern is a teacher too.